7 types of bioassays

Bioassays are used to determine the potency of a biopharmaceutical by comparing the biological response related to its mode of action with that of a control preparation. The main considerations for bioassay design will be ease of use, reproducibility and primarily, cost: both financially and in personnel. Primary cells, frozen cells or cell extracts can all be utilized to give robust assay outputs and the days where radioisotopes were the only means of signal detection are, not quite long gone, but could feasibly be phased out in the next decade by all but the most ardent supporters.
Here we introduce the 7 main types of cell-based assay which can help you in your quest for that elusive blockbuster.

1. Intracellular signalling

The search for new drugs has led to the need to increase our understanding of the basis of cellular pathways, in order to find new druggable targets. The benefit of targeting intracellular signalling to bioassay design is that inhibiting a signal point in a signalling cascade can affect a wide variety of downstream proteins. These proteins can be measured in cells as active (i.e. phosphorylated) or inactive (native) forms via a number of techniques such as immunofluorescence, ELISA or western blotting, all of which can be scaled up for high throughput.

Klasifikasi dan karakteristik cylops sp

Klasifikasi

Kingdom         : Animalia
Phylum            : Arthropoda
Subphylum      : Crustacea
Class                : Maxillopoda

Sub class         : Copepoda
Orde                : Cylopoida
Family             : Cylopydae
Genus              : Cylops

            Spesies            : Cylops sp

Klasifikasi dan karakteristik Chantocamptus sp

 

 

 Klasifikasi

Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum    : Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class        : Maxillopoda

Sub class  : Copepoda
Orde        : Harpacticoida
Family      : Canthocamptidae
Genus      : Canthocamptus

Spesies     : Canthocamptus sp

Menghitung Frekuensi Data pada SPSS

Cara menghitung atau menentukan frekuensi data pada SPSS. Fungsi ini merupakan salah satu bagian dari statistik deskriptif yang dapat dilakukan oleh SPSS. Statistik deskriptif bertujuan untuk menyajikan informasi dari suatu data berupa angka.

Langkah – langkah :

Pertama adalah buka program SPSS dan masuk ke Variable View untuk membuat variabel NILAI seperti gambar dibawah ini.

Gambar 1 Membuat Variabel Nilai

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